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面向自然语言理解的轻量级前馈网络适配器

A Lightweight Adapter in Feed-forward Network for Natural Language Understanding

  • 摘要: Adapter-based tuning是一种预训练语言模型适配自然语言理解任务的新兴训练方式。然而,现有的大多数研究主要集中于在Transformer层之间添加可学习参数,而忽略了在层内添加可训练参数的潜在优势(相比于后者,前者增加模型层数,伴随着梯度不稳定现象,也严重影响模型的收敛速度)。因此,该文提出了一种面向自然语言理解的轻量级前馈网络适配器,称为F-Adapter。F-Adapter在每个前馈网络中引入少量隐藏单元,即扩展了权重矩阵和偏置项。此外,该文在理论上证明了权重矩阵和偏置项(矩阵)中新增的可训练参数对模型性能的影响与其在矩阵中的位置无关。实验结果表明,在只训练3%的预训练语言模型参数的情况下,F-Adapter在7个下游任务共11个数据集上的平均表现优于所有基线模型。相比于基线模型,如P-tuning v2和Adapter,F-Adapter训练更稳定且收敛速度更快。

     

    Abstract: Adapter-based tuning is a solid training method for adapting pre-trained language models to various natural language understanding tasks. Most existing studies are focused on adding learnable parameters between Transformer layers, which increases the layer number in the model and suffers from gradient instability and lower convergence speed. This paper proposes a lightweight adapter in feed-forward network for natural language understanding, named F-Adapter, which introduces a small number of hidden units inside each feed-forward network. Essentially, it expands the weight matrices and bias. Furthermore, this paper demonstrates that the impact of the trainable parameters in the weight matrix and bias (matrix) on model performance is independent of their positions within the matrix. The experiment results show that F-Adapter, with only about 3% of PLM parameters to be trained, outperforms all baselines on average across 11 datasets for 7 downstream tasks.Compared with baselines such as P-tuning v2 and Adapter, F-Adapter is more stable and converges faster.

     

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