CPQD: 用于提升大语言模型文学表现力的中文诗词引用数据集
CPQD: A Chinese Poetry Quotation Dataset for Enhancing the Literary Expressiveness of Large Language Models
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摘要: 随着预训练技术的发展,大语言模型的生成能力得到显著提升,能够自动生成近似自然语言的文本,如新闻、摘要、故事等,为人们的日常生活和工作提供了便利。然而,大语言模型在引用中国古典诗词方面的表现尚缺乏系统性研究,而这个问题对于提升模型生成内容的文学表现力具有重要意义。为此,该文构建了一个大规模诗词引用数据集CPQD,并从诗意、上下文连贯性和流畅性等多个角度建立了一套自动和人工评测指标。随后,在零样本和少样本设定下,利用国内开源(中文,3款)、国内商用(中文,3款)、国外开源(英文,1款)和国外商用大语言模型(英文,1款)共8款大语言模型进行了实验与比较分析。实验结果表明,仅有1款国内商用大语言模型的性能超过了微调LSTM模型。而其余7款大语言模型在零样本学习下的BLEU值普遍偏低,仅能达到微调LSTM模型的15%~93%,即便增加少量样本,其性能提升也较为有限。为了提升大语言模型在诗词引用方面的能力,该文进一步探究了开源大语言模型在CPQD数据集上进行监督微调的效果。结果显示,微调后开源模型的BLEU值提升了近10倍,并显著超越了商用大语言模型的性能。这表明,该数据集为大语言模型的微调提供了有力支持,有效地提升了模型在文学表现力,特别是在诗词引用方面的能力。Abstract: With the development of pre-training technology, the capability of generative artificial intelligence has been significantly improved, enabling the autonomous generation of texts that closely mimic natural language. However, their performance in quoting Chinese classical poetry has not been thoroughly explored, which is crucial for enhancing the literary expressiveness of the generated content. To address this, we construct a large-scale Chinese Poetry Quotation Dataset (CPQD), and propose a set of automatic and manual evaluation metrics from multiple perspectives including poeticness, coherence, and fluency. Subsequently, we analyze three open-sourced Chinese LLMs, three commercial Chinese LLMs, one open-sourced and one commercial English LLMs, in both zero-shot and few-shot setting. The results demonstrate that only one of the commercial Chinese language models outperforms the fine-tuned LSTM model. We fine-tune the open-source models using the proposed poetry quotation dataset, and the BLEU increases nearly tenfold, significantly surpassing that of the commercial LLMs.
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