“形声”作为一种重要的造字方式,构筑了汉字家族中最为庞大的一支。造字之初,形声字以形符表义,以声符表音。随着时代的发展,声符的表音度渐渐发生变化,为人们准确地标音读字造成了一定困难。该文试采用聚类分析的方法,以普通话中3 500常用汉字为对象,结合语言学理论和计算机知识,依据声符表音程度相同、相似和不同制定详细分级标准,并得到每一层级的形声字表和百分数据,从而对现代汉字中形声字声符的表音度情况进行系统、直观而全面地呈现,以期为现代汉字规范的制定和汉语教学提供一定的参考和佐证。

Most of Chinese characters are phonograms. When creating a phonogram, people used an ideographic symbol and a phonetic symbol to show the meaning and phoneme of the character. However, as time goes on, some phonetic symbols could not exactly indicate the phonemes any more, which makes it difficult for people to read words correctly. This paper utilizes mathematical modeling approach to study 3500 commonly used Chinese characters in Mandarin. By integrating linguistic theories and computer science methods, the paper aims at making a systematic and comprehensive research on the phonetic symbols in phonograms, so as to provide important references and evidences to the formulation of Chinese characters specifications and language teaching.
Key wordsChinese characters; phonogram; phonetic symbols; phonetic indication; cluster analysis