我们从心理语言学的角度,对空间隐喻进行相似性分类和计算,使用多维量表和聚类方法,以聋人为被试分别进行了两个实验。实验结果表明,聋人为实现空间隐喻理解的计算,使用了地形空间和语法空间的特征信息,同时受手语语言特点的影响,其空间隐喻的认知主题包括手势者自身参照系、参照物的相对坐标系、手势空间的饱和度、以手部或胸部为边界。同时表明由于两种空间的存在,聋人大脑对空间隐喻的理解存在着层次,并且在长期使用手语交流的过程中,其地形空间和语法空间相互作用,影响了聋人大脑空间隐喻的结构和表征,从而导致了独特的高效快速空间隐喻计算。
Abstract
The metaphor processing is a challenging issuein natural language processing. From the perspective of psycholinguistics, spatial metaphor is made to perform similar classification and computation. We use multidimensional scaling and clustering method, with the deaf as subjects for two experiments, and showe thatthe deaf use the topographic space and syntactic space for computational implementation of spatial metaphor comprehension. At the same time, influenced by sign language, the deaf’s cognitive subjects of spatial metaphor include signers’ own reference frame, references’ relative coordinates and the sign space saturation, within the boundary of the part of hand or chest. It is also revealed from the experiments that, due to the presence of two kinds of space, spatial metaphor understanding in the deaf brain is leveled, as suggested by the the Sapir Whorf hypothesis, with the structure and representation of spatial metaphor influenced by its interaction between topographic space and syntactic space.
关键词
空间隐喻 /
语义计算 /
聋人
{{custom_keyword}} /
Key words
spatial metaphor /
semantic computing /
deaf person
{{custom_keyword}} /
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] Nerlich B, Clarke D D. Mind, meaning and metaphor: the philosophy and psychology of metaphor in 19th-century Germany [J]. History of the human sciences, 2001, 14(2): 39-61.
[2] Friederici A D, Fiebach C J, Schlesewsky M, et al. Processing linguistic complexity and grammaticality in the left frontal cortex [J]. Cerebral Cortex, 2006, 16(12): 1709-1717.
[3] 周昌乐.作为认知手段的隐喻及其涉身性分析[J].心智与计算,2008,3:272-278.
[4] Kuperberg G, Holcomb P, Sitnikova T, et al. Distinct patterns of neural modulation during the processing of conceptual and syntactic anomalies [J]. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2003, 15(2): 272-293.
[5] 李莹,张学新,莫雷.汉语隐喻理解的认知加工过程与神经机制研究[C].第十二届全国心理学学术大会论文摘要集,2009.
[6] Neville H J, Bavelier D, Corina D, et al. Cerebral organization for language in deaf and hearing subjects: biological constraints and effects of experience [J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1998, 95(3): 922-929.
[7] Huenerfauth M. Spatial representation of classifier predicates for machine translation into american sign language [C]//Proceedings of the Workshop on Representation and Processing of Sign Language, 4th Internationnal Conference on Language Ressources and Evaluation (LREC 2004). 2004: 24-31.
[8] Giora R. Understanding figurative and literal language: The graded salience hypothesis [J]. Cognitive linguistics, 1997, 8: 183-206.
[9] Kruskal J B. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling: a numerical method [J]. Psychometrika, 1964, 29(2): 115-129.
[10] Pollio H R, Fagan L B, Graves T R, et al. The semantics of space: experiential and linguistic aspects of selected English spatial terms [J]. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 2005, 34(2): 133-152.
[11] Tuan Y F. Space and place: The perspective of experience [M]. U of Minnesota Press, 1977.
[12] 张积家,谢书书,和秀梅.语言和文化对空间认知的影响——汉族和纳西族大学生空间词相似性分类的比较研究[J].心理学报,2008,40(7):774-787.
[13] Sutton-Spence R, Woll B. The linguistics of British Sign Language: an introduction [M]. Cambridge University Press, 1999.
[14] Emmorey K, Corina D, Bellugi U. Differential processing of topographic and referential functions of space[M]. K.Emmorey, J Reilly ed. Language, gesture and space. Hillsdale, JN: Erlbaum, 1995.
[15] 刘秀丹.空间性对于聋生手语句义理解的影响[J].特殊教育研究学刊,2008,33(2):71-83.
[16] Baus C, Gutiérrez-Sigut E, Quer J, et al. Lexical access in Catalan signed language (LSC) production [J]. Cognition, 2008, 108(3): 856-865.
[17] Sutton-Spence R. Spatial metaphor and expressions of identity in sign language poetry [J]. Metaphorik. de, 2010, 19: 1-40.
[18] 张积家,刘丽虹,谭力海.语言关联性假设的研究进展——新的证据与看法[J].语言科学,2005,4(3):42-56.
[19] Kay P, Kempton W. What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? [J]. American Anthropologist, 1984, 86(1): 65-79.
[20] Mgiste E. Stroop tasks and dichotic translation: The development of interference patterns in bilinguals [J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 1984, 10(2): 304.
[21] Chen H C, Ho C. Development of Stroop interference in Chinese-English bilinguals [J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 1986, 12(3): 397.
[22] Keatley C W, Spinks J A, De Gelder B. Asymmetrical cross-language priming effects [J]. Memory & Cognition, 1994, 22(1): 70-84.
[23] 张积家,张广岩,陈穗清.熟练手语-汉语双语者的语言联系模式 [J].中国特殊教育,2013,5:006.
{{custom_fnGroup.title_cn}}
脚注
{{custom_fn.content}}
基金
国家自然科学基金(61171114、61433015、91420202);国家社会科学基金(14ZDB154、13&ZD187); 教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金(14YJC740104);北京高校青年英才计划项目(YETP1753)
{{custom_fund}}
PDF(5549 KB)
