该文提出一种结合短语结构句法的语义角色标注方法。结合短语结构句法对句子进行剪枝、子句抽取处理,然后,对处理过的句子进行语义角色分析并还原。最后,结合短语树对还原后的论元边界进行修正。其中,剪枝包括并列结构、插入语的剪枝,子句抽取针对不同形式的子句有不同的处理方式。边界修正主要是针对某些类型论元进行修正。该文分别在CoNLL2004与CoNLL2005评测语料中做了实验,在CoNLL2005 Shared Task的test_wsj数据集上F值为88.25%,在CoNLL2004 Shared Task的test数据集上F值为85.66%。实验结果表明,引入短语结构句法能有效地提升语义角色的识别效果。
Abstract
This paper proposes a semantic role labeling method combined with the phrase structure parsing, consisting of sentence pruning, clause extraction, semantic role analyzing and sentence restoration, and themodification of the argument boundary. Pruning removes the parallel structure and parenthesis, and clause extraction has different processing methods for different forms of clauses. The modification of boundary is mainly aimed at certain semantic roles. The experiments on CoNLL2004 and CoNLL2005 corpus reveal the F-score of 85.66% and 88.25%, respectively.
关键词
语义角色标注 /
短语结构句法分析 /
剪枝 /
子句抽取 /
边界修正
{{custom_keyword}} /
Key words
semantic role label /
phrase structure syntactic analysis /
pruning /
clause extraction /
boundary corrections
{{custom_keyword}} /
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] Gildea D,Jurafsky D.Automatic labeling of semantic roles[J].Computational Linguistics,2002,28(3):245-288.
[2] Sameer Pradhan,Kadri Hacioglu,Wayne Ward,et al.Semantic role chunking combining complementary syntactic views[C]//Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning,Ann Arbor,Michigan,2005:217-220.
[3] Richard Johansson,P Nugues.The effect of syntactic representation on semantic role labeling[C]//Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics,Manchester,United Kingdom,2008:393-400.
[4] Gildea D,Palmer M.The necessity of syntactic parsing for predicate argument recognition[C]//Proceedings of the ACL-2002,2002:239-246.
[5] Xue N,Palmer M.Calibrating features for semantic role labeling[C]//Proceedings of the EMNLP-2004,2004:113-121.
[6] 刘挺,车万翔,李生.基于最大熵分类器的语义角色标注[J].软件学报,2007,18(3):565-573.
[7] Alessandro Moschitti,Daniele Pighin,Roberto Basili.Tree kernels for semantic role labeling[J].Computational Linguistics,2008,34(2):193-224.
[8] Boxwell S A,Dennis Mehay D,Brew C.Brutus:A semantic role labeling system incorporating CCG,CFG,and dependency features[C]//Proceedings of the ACL-IJCNLP,Stroudsburg:ACL,2009:37-45.
[9] 李世奇,赵铁军等.基于特征组合的中文语义角色标注[J].软件学报,2011,22(2):222-232.
[10] Dan Roth,Wen-tau Yih.The Importance of Syntactic Parsing and Inference in Semantic Role Labeling[J].Association for Computational Linguistics,2008,34(2):257-287.
[11] Wang H L,Zhou G D,Zhu Q M.Dependency tree—based SRL with proper pruning and extensive feature engineering[C]//Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics,chester:Coling 2008 Organizing Committee,2008:23-24 .
[12] Lei Sha,Tingsong Jiang.Capturing Argument Relationships for Chinese Semantic Role Labeling[C]//Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing,2016:2011-2016.
[13] Jiang Guo,Wanxiang Che.A Unified Architecture for Semantic Role Labeling and Relation Classification[C]//Proceedings of COLING 2016,the 26th International Conference on Computational Linguistics:Technical Papers,2016:1264-1274.
[14] Michael,Roth Mirella Lapata.Neural Semantic Role Labeling with Dependency Path Embeddings[C]//Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics,2016:1192-1202.
[15] Zhou Jie,Xue Wei.End-to-end Learning of Semantic Role Labeling Using Recurrent Neural Networks[C]//Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing,2015:1127-1137.
[16] P Koomen,V Punyakanok,D Roth,et al.Generalized Inference with Multiple Semantic Role Labeling Systems[C]//Proceedings of CoNLL-2005,2005:181-184.
[17] Surdeanu M,Llu s Marquez,Carreras X,et al.Combination strategies for semantic role labeling[J].Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research,2007,29(1):105-151.
[18] Kristina Toutanova,Aria Haghighi,Christopher D.Manning.A global joint model for semantic role labeling[J].Computational Linguistics,2008,34(1):161-191.
[19] Oscar Tackstrom,Kuzman Ganchev,Dipanjian Das.Efficient inference and structured learning for semantic role labeling[J].Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics,2015,3(1):29-31.
{{custom_fnGroup.title_cn}}
脚注
{{custom_fn.content}}
基金
国家自然科学基金(61403262);国家教育部社科司青年基金(14YJC740126)
{{custom_fund}}
PDF(3819 KB)
