李 强,袁毓林. 名词词义描写和研究需要什么样的语义学知识？[J]. 中文信息学报, 2015, 29(5): 9-20.
LI Qiang, YUAN Yulin. What Kind of Semantic Knowledge is Neccessary for the Semantic Description and Research of Nouns？. , 2015, 29(5): 9-20.
名词词义描写和研究需要什么样的语义学知识？
李 强,袁毓林
北京大学 中文系 中国语言学研究中心 计算语言学教育部重点实验室,北京 100871
What Kind of Semantic Knowledge is Neccessary for the Semantic Description and Research of Nouns？
LI Qiang, YUAN Yulin
Department of Chinese Language and Literature, Research Center of Chinese Linguistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Computational Linguistics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Abstract：This paper mainly discussed the semantic description and the research of nouns. Firstly, several main lexical semantics theories (include structuralism semantics, generative semantics, conceptual semantics and natural semantic metalanguage) were introduced and reviewed, and their defects and deficiencies for semantic description were also discussed. Then, the qualia structure in generative lexicon theory was introduced, and its differences with the theories mentioned above and its features were illustrated. Finally, based on the generative lexicon theory, four examples of analysis on nouns using qualia structure (include word default, metaphor meaning generation, affordance sentence, middle construction) were exhibited and its possible application in natural language processing was shown.
[1] Murphy M Lynne. Semantic Relations and the Lexicon [M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. [2] Katz J Jerrold, Jerry A Fodor. The structure of a semantic theory [J]. Language, 1963, 39(2):170-210. [3] Jackendoff R Parts, Boundaries[M]. Beth Levin and Steven Pinker. Lexical and Conceptual Semantics. Oxford: Blackwell, 1992:9-45. [4] Wierzbicka Anna. Semantic Primitives [M]. Frankfurt: Athenaeum, 1972. [5] Goddard Cliff. Ethnopragmatics: a new paradigm[M]. Goddard. Ethnopragmatics: Understanding Discourse in Cultural Context. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2006. [6] Fillmore C J, Johnson C R, Petruck M.R. Background to FrameNet [J]. International Journal of Lexicography, 2003, 16 (3): 236 - 250. [7] 袁毓林, 李强. 怎样用物性结构知识解决“网球问题”？[J]. 中文信息学报, 2014, 28(5):1-12. [8] Wierzbicka Anna. Lexicography and Conceptual Analysis [M]. Ann Arbor, MI: Karoma, 1985. [9] Geeraerts Dirk. Theories of Lexical Semantics [M]. New York: Oxford University Press Inc, 2010. [10] Pustejovsky J. The Generative Lexicon [J]. Computational linguistics, 1991, 17(4):409-441. [11] Pustejovsky J. The Generative Lexicon [M]. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1995. [12] Pustejovsky J, P Bouillon, H Isahara, et al. Advances in Generative Lexicon Theory [M]. Dordrecht: Springer, 2013. [13] 袁毓林. 谓词隐含及其句法后果——“的”字结构的称代规则和“的”的语法、语义功能[J]. 中国语文, 1995, 4:241-255. [14] 宋作艳. 也谈与“的”字结构有关的谓词隐含[J]. 汉语学习, 2014, 1:20-28. [15] Fodor Jerry, Lepore Ernie. The Emptiness of the Lexicon: Reflections on James Pustejovskys “The Generative Lexicon” [J]. Linguistic Inquiry, 1998, 29(2): 269-288. [16] 魏雪. 面向语义搜索的汉语名名组合的自动释义研究[D]. 北京大学硕士学位论文, 2012. [17] 魏雪, 袁毓林. 基于语义类和物性角色建构名名组合的释义模板[J]. 世界汉语教学, 2013, 27(2):172-181. [18] 袁毓林. 基于生成词库论和论元结构理论的语义知识体系研究[J]. 中文信息学报, 2013, 27(6):23-30。 [19] 袁毓林. 汉语名词物性结构的描写体系和运用案例[J]. 当代语言学, 2014, 16(1):31-48. [20] 李强. 基于物性结构和概念整合的名词隐喻现象分析[J]. 语言教学与研究, 2014, 6:44-53。 [21] 王治敏. 汉语名词隐喻的语义映射分析[J]. 语言教学与研究, 2009, 3: 89-96. [22] 汪昌松,靳玮.从名词的物性结构看容纳句中动词的允准机制[R]. 第十六届汉语词汇语义学国际学术研讨会论文, 北京师范大学, 2015. [23] Quirk R. A Grammar of Contemporary English [M]. London: Longman, 1972. [24] Sung Kuo-ming. Case Assignment under Incorporation [D]. University of California at Los Angeles, 1994. [25] 曹宏. 中动句对动词形容词的选择限制及其理据[J]. 语言科学, 2004, 3(1):11-28.
2015, Vol. 29 
